Complications after liver transplantation primarily affect the vasculature of the liver and the bile ducts. While these complications are rare, their impact on morbidity and mortality for the transplant recipient may be serious. Careful pre-transplant assessment of the vascular supply of the liver and bile ducts may help preventing these complications. Vascular complications include hepatic artery stenosis and thrombosis, portal vein stenosis and thrombosis, vena cava stenosis and splenic artery steal syndrome. Bile leakage is the most common biliary complication, and anastomotic and non-anastomotic strictures may develop in bile ducts over time. Post-transplantation monitoring is of utmost importance to detect complications early allowing for imminent treatment in order to prevent graft failure and loss as well as recipient mortality.